The relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of HIV in married men in Sub-Saharan Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: A key factor for incidence of HIV is alcohol consumption. It impacts judgment and the probability to overlook risk-relevant information, which creates a pathway to reduced adherence to biomedical prevention and engagement in condomless sex. We strengthen the understanding of the link between alcohol consumption and risk of HIV among married men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as we use comprehensive population-level data to provide robust evidence with high external validity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data analysis. METHODS: Based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 20 countries and over 30 000 observations, a minimally and a fully adjusted model with country fixed effects examined the relationship between the men's alcohol consumption (observed by wife) and HIV status (blood test) while accounting for survey weights and controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: The data comprised a total of 35 108 men. Minimally adjusted [risk ratio (RR) 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.37; P < 0.001] and fully adjusted (RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.38; P < 0.001) models showed a positive association between the men's alcohol consumption and HIV status. Two sensitivity analyses confirmed the association. CONCLUSION: In line with previous experimental studies and theoretical framework, this study confirms a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and HIV. Thus, modern HIV/AIDS programs must continue to address the relationship in implementation of prevention and treatment programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".