Elucidating the Origins of Rapid Capacity Fade in Hybrid Garnet-Based Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Hybrid solid-state lithium metal batteries (SS-LMBs) incorporate small amounts of liquid electrolyte (LE) to overcome interfacial instabilities between cathodes and solid-state electrolytes. However, hybrid SS-LMBs suffer from a rapid capacity fade after a few cycles that is not yet fully understood. Herein, to shed light on this phenomenon and mechanism, we report the use of ex situ post-mortem analysis of Li|Li 6.5 La 2.9 Ba 0.1 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 |LE|LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC 622) cells by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) combined with ptychography and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We find that the mechanism is complex and that microstructural and chemical phase changes, oxygen vacancy formation associated with transition metal dissolution, and contributions from the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid–liquid electrolyte interphase (SLEI) play key roles in the deterioration of battery performance of hybrid SS-LMBs. We expect that our findings will help advance the development of hybrid SS-LMBs by further optimization of the liquid and solid electrolyte formulations and cell structure.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".