A physical mechanism of the generation of stable positive kinetic energy systems and a qualitative explanation of the proportions of the four ingredients in the universe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The author’s opinion is that the negative energy solutions of the Dirac equation mean that a particle can be of negative kinetic energy (NKE) besides positive kinetic energy (PKE). We think that NKE particles are dark ones, and NKE matter is dark matter. In our previous works, the dark matter theory of the NKE version and the dark energy theory that matched the dark matter theory were put forth. In this work, we investigate the topics related to the metamorphosis of objects between PKE and NKE. We first evaluate the collisions between a PKE and a NKE particles. A scenario of accelerating PKE particles is raised. We put forth the cosmic dark radiation background and gravity potential background. In the universe, negative energy is predominating. In the observable universe, substances constitute stable PKE systems. The total energy of every such system is negative. We propose a mechanism that NKE substances combine into stable PKE systems. Macroscopically, NKE objects can constitute stable PKE astrophysical systems by means of gravity between them. Microscopically, NKE particles can combine into stable PKE systems by means of attractive interactions between them, say, Coulomb attraction. Currently, people think that there are four ingredients in the universe: Photons Ω R0 , matter Ω M0 , dark matter Ω DM , and dark energy Ω Λ0 . We analyze the order of the appearance of the four ingredients and conclude that qualitatively, their proportions should be <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>DM</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">M</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".