Soil enzyme activities in heavily manured and waterlogged soil cultivated with ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extended waterlogging (WL) conditions can alter soil enzyme activities and their role in maintaining healthy soils. We assessed the effects of soil moisture regimes (field capacity [FC] and WL) and phosphorus (P) rates (0, 15, 30, 45 kg available P ha–1) on ( i) soil enzymes and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial biomass P (MBP); and ( ii) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN). The treatments were tested in a 4-month greenhouse experiment using intact soil columns under annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum). WL decreased the activity of β-glucosidase and acid phosphomonoesterase but increased N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase in soils. These changes were associated with changes in MBC, DOC, MBN, and TDN, but not MBP. Anoxic conditions in WL soil promote the activity of anaerobes and contribute to the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxides and the release of DOC, TDN, and P in the soil solution. The activity of the extracellular enzymes decreased in WL with additions of slurry indicating adequate supply of C, N, and P. Our results also showed that both enzyme activities and microbial biomass were restricted in the upper soil layer with limited downward movement along the soil profile. We can conclude that since these enzymes control the hydrolysis of cellulose, phosphomonoester, and chitin, soil moisture influences the direction and magnitude of C, N, and P in manured and waterlogged soil cultivated with ryegrass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".