RESONANT CONVERTERS PART II – PWM CONTROLLED, QUASI‐RESONANT, AND ULTRAHIGH‐FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter focuses on pulse width modulated (PWM) operation of resonant converters, quasi-resonant converters and ultrahigh-switching frequency resonant converters. In, phase-shift PWM was used to operate a series-resonant full-bridge converter, but better performance can be ensured if more sophisticated resonant networks are used. Asymmetrical PWM can be used to achieve fixed-switching frequency operation for lower power two-switch resonant converters that can be used as point-of-use power supplies. Asymmetrical PWM can also be used in full-bridge resonant converters as a fixed-frequency alternative to phase-shift PWM. Quasi-resonant converters derive their name from the fact that they are a mix of PWM and resonant converters – they are not fully resonant converters, but quasi-resonant. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ultrahigh frequency resonant converters that can absorb parasitic elements in their topology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".