Modification of Glass Poly(alkenoate) Cement for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is employed as a void filler in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The first phase of this thesis investigates the role of PMMA in managing bone loss and infection in rTKA. Treating bone defects with PMMA can result in complications such as bone necrosis and implant loosening. Additionally, toxicity, roughness, and bacterial colonization on PMMA surface were identified as some complications of using antibiotic-impregnated PMMA spacers in rTKA. These concerns are driving the development of alternative bone cements. The second phase of this thesis relates to the modification of glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) for use in rTKA. Modified GPCs (mGPCs) based on the glass system SiO2-ZnO2CaO-SrO-P2O5-X TA2O5 containing 1, 5, and 15 wt.% calcium sulfate (CaSO4) were characterized. Working and setting times, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH, ion release, compressive strength and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of each composition were assessed. The mGPCs were found to have a shorter setting time, higher initial compressive strength, and ion release than the control GPC (naive of CaSO4). Moreover, CaSO4 addition led to the formation of pores on the surface of GPC which can increase osseointegration. In the next phase, the in vivo properties of two GPCs (GPCA and GPCB) were evaluated using three sheep. After comparing handling, compressive strength, ion release and cytotoxicity results of each GPC formulation, three sets of GPCA samples were used for implantation. Clinical CT scans and Micro-CT images obtained at 0, 6 and 12 weeks revealed the varied radiological responses of sheep bone to GPCA. Excessive Zn2+ ion release and low pH were identified as possible causes of the resorption surrounding some GPCA implants. Further investigation on modifying GPC formulations with the focus on reducing the rate of Zn2+ release and pH is required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".