54 The Influence of Sex on Cognitive Control Performance and Frontoparietal Network Integrity in First-Episode Psychosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Cognitive deficits in first-episode psychosis (FEP) are well documented, particularly aspects of cognitive control, which is one of the primary hypothesized functions of the frontoparietal network (FPN). The clinical features of psychotic disorders are known to differ between men and women, but little work has systematically studied neurobiological differences between the sexes, particularly in FEP. The current study aimed to examine sexual dimorphisms in structural integrity of the frontoparietal network (FPN) and its role in cognitive control in FEP. Participants and Methods: A total of 111 FEP patients (68 male, 43 female) and 55 healthy control participants (35 male, 20 female) from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing were included in the study. Regions of interest (ROIs) included: left and right superior frontal gyrus, left and right middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left and right inferior parietal gyrus, right caudate and left thalamus. Using high-dimensional brain mapping procedures, surface shape of the caudate and thalamus was characterized using Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping, and cortical thickness of frontal and parietal regions was estimated using the FreeSurfer toolkit. Cognitive control was assessed using the Fluid Cognition Composite score from the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Multivariate ANOVA models tested group differences, separated by sex, in cortical thickness ROIs, in addition to a whole-brain vertex-wise analysis. Vertex-wise statistical surface t-maps evaluated differences in subcortical surface shape, and Pearson correlations tested relationships between brain regions and Fluid Cognition performance. Results: Results of deep brain region comparisons between schizophrenia males (SCZM) and schizophrenia females (SCZF) groups revealed significant outward deformation at the tail of the right caudate and significant inward deformation along the dorsal aspects of the right caudate. Additionally, significant inward deformation in multiple nuclei of the left thalamus were revealed. Significant negative relationships between Fluid Cognition and the left superior/middle frontal gyrus (r = -0.24, p = 0.05) in the male FEP group were observed. Additionally, significant positive relationships between Fluid Cognition and left inferior frontal gyrus (r = 0.35, p = 0.02) and left inferior parietal gyrus (r = 0.35, p = 0.02) in the female FEP group were found. Conclusions: Overall, findings revealed significant brain differences of the FPN in deep-brain structures only, including abnormal caudal and thalamic shape, in male FEP compared to female FEP, providing evidence of the importance to examine sex differences in deep-brain regions at the first episode. Differential brain relationships with cognitive control also highlight sex-specific presentations that may aid in clinical management and further characterization of the illness in early stages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".