Two-Year Survivorship and Patient-Reported Outcomes of a Prospectively Enrolled Cohort of INFINITY Total Ankle Arthroplasties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The INFINITY total ankle implant is a widely and successfully used option for total ankle arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to assess the 2-year survivorship, complication rates, patient-reported outcomes, and radiologic findings of prospectively enrolled patients undergoing a fixed-bearing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). This study sought to determine if factors such as traditional vs patient-specific instrumentation, preoperative degree of arthritis, deformity, or etiology of arthritis impact surgical or clinical outcomes. METHODS: A total of 143 prospectively enrolled patients (148 ankles) underwent TAA with a fixed-bearing total ankle implant between 2017 and 2019 at 9 different institutions by 9 different surgeons. A total of 116 completed 2-year follow-up. Patients were stratified by instrumentation used, degree of preoperative deformity, the Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (COFAS) grading system, and etiology of arthritis. Outcomes used included implant survivorship and adverse events within 2 years of surgery. Additionally, patient-reported outcomes and radiographs were collected at 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year postoperatively. PROMs used included Ankle Osteoarthritis Score (AOS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) global health score, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and patient satisfaction (rated from excellent to poor). RESULTS: Implant survivorship at 2 years was 97.79%. There were 17 reoperations (11.5%), with 4 of the implants requiring revision (2.7%). Significant improvements in all PROMs were observed among all subgroups at all postoperative time points without significant variation between subgroups. Patients classified as COFAS type 2 arthritis preoperatively demonstrated significantly more improvement in FAOS Total Symptom Score at the 1- and 2-year measurements than COFAS type 3 patients at both time points. CONCLUSION: Total ankle arthroplasty with a fixed-bearing implant system is a safe and reliable treatment option for patients with end-stage arthritis regardless of degree of deformity or COFAS grading. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective cohort study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".