PREVENT‐AD cohort: from normal to impaired cognition, who are declining and why? Preliminary results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The StoP‐Alzheimer Center follows a cohort of cognitively normal participants at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to their parental history (PREVENT‐AD cohort). Cognitive impairments were detected in 17% of the cohort (66 out of 386) mostly after between 4 to 6 years of follow‐up, at an average age of 70 ± 7 years of age. Method We looked at various variables at baseline (demographics, blood results, medical history, cognition, genetic variants, AD pathology, mood) to describe the differences between the participants who maintained a normal cognition versus those who declined. Result Difference in ApoE4 status was not as important as expected with 39.4% ApoE4 carriers in the decliner group compared to 38.2% in the normal group (Table 1). Despite a normal cognition at baseline, we found subtle but significant lower cognitive performance in the decliner group on the MoCA (‐1 pt) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (‐5 pts). Systolic blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin were slightly more elevated in the decliner group (132 mmHg versus 128 mmHg and 5.6% versus 5.4% respectively). When asked about their past medical history, more participants were treated for hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes in the decliner group. At the level of brain AD pathology measured by PET, the decliner group presented higher levels (standard uptake values) of amyloid and tau. Overall, 27% of the decliner group were amyloid AND tau positive compared to 7% in the normal group. The decliner group also showed lower smell identification performances at baseline when compared to the group who didn’t decline. Conclusion Main differences between the groups at baseline are related to AD pathology, vascular risk factors and cognitive and smell identification capacities. Other available variables such as brain structure, cerebrospinal fluid proteins, additional cognitive tests, lifestyle questionnaires, and genetics variants need to be analyzed along with trajectories and change over time. As a growing number of participants are declining cognitively and are still followed annually with multimodal evaluations, we trust that further investigations will help better understand the development of cognitive impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".