Neuroticism is associated with entorhinal cortex volume in cognitively unimpaired older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Neuroticism, the tendency toward negative mood states, is associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and tau pathology within entorhinal cortex (EC) in mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults. However, studies of the link between neuroticism and structural neurodegeneration of EC have been negative. This may result from failure to account for subsyndromal affective symptoms or previous psychiatric history, as neuroticism is closely related to mood conditions that in turn, affect similar brain regions vulnerable to AD. We examined the association between neuroticism and EC volume while accounting for cognition, affective symptoms, and other personality traits in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults without history of major psychiatric conditions. Method 42 CU adults (age = 71.1 years, 27 females) with normal neuropsychological test performance and no known neurological conditions and current or past psychiatric disorders completed Geriatric Depression Scale, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO Five‐Factor Inventory‐3 which assesses neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and structural magnetic resonance imaging of whole brain at 3T. Regression analyses examined the unconditional ability of neuroticism to predict bilateral EC volume, and while considering the potential contribution of cognition (MoCA, California Verbal Learning Test Delayed Recall), affective state, other personality traits, and age, gender, and education. P<.10 was set as the significance threshold for β estimates. Result In univariable modelling, neuroticism was predictive of left EC volume (β = ‐17.4, p = .025), explaining 9.8% of its variability [F(1, 40) = 5.45, p = .025]. Neuroticism remained a significant predictor of left EC volume (β = ‐1.9, p = .045) after factoring in demographic, cognitive and affective/personality variables. Additional left EC predictors were extraversion and state anxiety (β = ‐2.61, p = .01; β = 1.71, p = .045 respectively). Neuroticism was not predictive of right EC in univariable or multivariable modelling, but agreeableness emerged as a significant predictor (β = ‐1.68, p = .091). Conclusion Neuroticism was predictive of left EC volume in CU adults without current or past history of psychiatric disorders, independent of cognition, affect, and other personality traits. These findings, which have not been previously reported, extend previous epidemiological evidence of increased AD risk due to neuroticism and suggest the importance of considering the impact of mood symptoms and psychiatric history in this context.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".