Elevated Carotid Pulse Wave Velocity is associated with Cognitive Impairment and Cerebral Amyloid Deposition: A Phase‐Contrast MRI Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Previous studies have indicated that arterial stiffness could play an important role in the AD pathology. Arterial stiffness is typically measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) from central and peripheral arteries. Recent work has introduced a two‐minute robust MRI method to measure carotid PWV (cPWV) using a single‐slice oblique‐sagittal phase‐contrast MRI(OS PC‐MRI)[Pahlavian SH et al, JCBFM 2021]. This study aims to evaluate cPWV measured by OS PC‐MRI as a sensitive imaging marker of AD by studying the association of cPWV with cognitive performance and amyloid pathology. Method Twenty‐three elderly volunteers (13 female, 72.6 ± 7.1 years) participated in the study and underwent cognitive and functional assessments including Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR, n = 23), Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE, n = 21), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA, n = 23) and F18‐florbetaben amyloid‐PET scans (n = 14). A retrospectively gated single‐slice 2D OS PC‐MRI was performed on each participant at 3T to assess cPWV. The correlations between cPWV vs cognitive measures and cerebral amyloid were calculated across subjects using Pearson or Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Result Table 1 lists the demographic and clinical information of participants. cPWV showed significant negative correlations with both MoCA (Figure 1a) and MMSE (Figure 1b) (cPWV vs. MoCA: r = ‐0.57, p = 0.0044; cPWV vs. MMSE: r = ‐0.74, p < 0.001;), and correlations remained significant after controlling for age, gender, years of education (cPWV vs. MoCA:r = ‐0.70, p < 0.001; cPWV vs. MMSE: r = ‐0.75, p < 0.001). Participants were further separated into two groups (CRD = 0: n = 12; CDR> = 0.5: n = 11) based on their CDR scores. cPWV values were significantly higher in the group with CDR> = 0.5 without and with correcting for age, sex, and educational level (p = 0.0019, p = 0.015) (Figure 1c). Individuals who presented with amyloid pathology had higher cPWV compared to the ones without amyloid pathology (p = 0.038) (Figure 2), which indicates cPWV may be closely linked to amyloid pathology in AD. Conclusion This study demonstrates that elevated carotid PWV is associated with cognitive impairment and amyloid pathology in elderly adults. Longitudinal studies are necessary to determine whether cPWV contributes to accumulation of amyloid in brain parenchyma or results from deposition of amyloid in cerebral blood vessels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".