Hippocampal function during an associative memory task is influenced by early bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Women with mid‐life 17β‐estradiol loss due to early bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO; removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) have heightened Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk (Rocca et al., 2007). 17β‐estradiol loss is related to AD risk factors, including associative memory decrements and decreased functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)‐measured hippocampal activation during encoding (Jacobs et al., 2016; Rentz et al., 2017). Our objective was to investigate the effects of early BSO and 17β‐estradiol replacement therapy (ERT) on associative memory and hippocampal function. Method Women with BSO either taking ERT (BSO+ERT; M±SEage= 45±1.03, n = 23) or not taking ERT (BSO; M±SEage= 45.7±1.01, n = 23) were compared to age‐matched premenopausal control women (AMC; M±SEage= 43.7±0.48, n = 37) on fMRI‐measured brain activation during encoding and retrieval trials of a face‐name associative memory task. We compared groups on activation from anterior and posterior anatomical hippocampal regions‐of‐interest during retrieval and encoding (retrieval‐encoding contrast) trials between groups. We also compared hippocampal activation during novel and repeat face‐name pair encoding trials (novel‐repeat encoding contrast). Face‐name pair recognition accuracy between groups was also assessed. Result Compared to BSO+ERT, BSO exhibited significantly lower activation during novel compared to repeat encoding trials (Fig.1A) in the right anterior hippocampal region‐of‐interest (Fig.1B). There were no significant group differences in hippocampal activation during retrieval compared to encoding trials, and no group differences in recognition accuracy. Conclusion Younger women with BSO either taking ERT or not showed comparable hippocampal activation to age‐matched premenopausal women during retrieval of face‐name pairs. However, during encoding of face‐name pairs, BSO showed significantly lower right anterior hippocampal activation compared to BSO+ERT. ERT may influence associative encoding processes dependent on hippocampal novelty detection, rather than retrieval processes. Expanding on work from others (Phillips & Sherwin, 1992), these results suggest ERT may ameliorate the negative influence of oophorectomy on hippocampal‐dependent memory processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".