Evolution of language abilities over the course of the disease in a large cohort of patients with lvPPA: More than a repetition impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Initial language impairment in lvPPA causes naming and repetition difficulties along with phonological errors (Gorno‐Tempini et al., 2011). Little is known about the evolution of other language capacities with disease progression. This study aimed at exploring the full range of language impairments throughout the course of the disease, from onset to death. Method We performed a retrospective chart review on a large cohort of deceased lvPPA patients ( n = 38; 18 M, 19 F; Mean age at onset = 69 years old). Presence or absence of impairment in various language abilities was determined via consensus by three experienced raters at 5 time points from onset to death. Result All 38 patients developed anomia, repetition impairment and writing difficulties throughout disease course (Figure 1). The overall prevalence of reading difficulties was also high (Figure 1), with impairment appearing more than two years post‐onset in most cases (Figure 2). Comprehension deficits were highly prevalent, appearing mostly in the first two years post onset (Figure 2). More than 75% of patients showed grammar difficulties (Figure 1), mainly in later stages of the disease (Figure 2). Semantic deficits also appeared later (Figure 2). Finally, apraxia of speech was quite infrequent (Figure 1). Conclusion In addition to known language deficits in lvPPA (i.e., naming, repetition, reading and writing, see Brambati et al., 2009; Faria et al., 2013; Gorno‐Tempini et al., 2011; Sepelyak et al., 2011), our results suggest early impairments in comprehension as well as late grammar difficulties. To our knowledge, this is the first study which addresses the full range of language impairments in lvPPA over the entire course of the disease. We believe this is highly relevant for patients/families to better prepare for the future, as well as therapists to design more focused interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".