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Implementation of Recommendations on the Use of Corticosteroids in Severe COVID-19
Félix Camirand-Lemyre, Laura Merson, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Aidan Burrell, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Marie‐Pier Domingue, Simon Lévesque, Effua Usuf, Evert‐Jan Wils, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Ignacio Martín‐Loeches, Oana Săndulescu, Jon Henrik Laake, François Lamontagne, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Amal Abrous, Lara Absil, Kamal Abu Jabal, Nashat Abu Salah, Andrew Acker, Elisabeth Adam, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Shakeel Ahmed, Kate Ainscough, Eka Airlangga, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Chika Akwani, Eman Al Qasim, Razi Alalqam, Aliya Mohammed Alameen, Angela Alberti, Tala Al-dabbous, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al‐Fares, Huda Alfoudri, Imran Ali, Adam Ali, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, João Alves, Rita Vieira Alves, Joana Alves Cabrita, Maria João Amaral, Nur Amira, Roberto Andini, Claire Andréjak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen M. Arabi, Irene Aragão, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean‐Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh C. Arora, Élise Artaud-Macari, Ángel Asensio, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Muhammad Ashraf, Jean‐Baptiste Assié, Amirul Asyraf, Minahel Atif, Anika Atique, AM Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaître, Adrien Auvet, Eyvind W. Axelsen, Laurène Azemar, Cécile Azoulay, Hakeem Edun Babatunde, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Roar Bævre-Jensen, Nadia Baig, J. Kenneth Baillie, J. Kevin Baird, Erica Bak, Agamemnon Bakakos, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Firouzé Bani‐Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, William Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Helena Barrasa, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Joaquín Baruch, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, Denise Battaglini, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincón, Denisse Bazan Dow, Abi Beane, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Husna Begum, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan‐Erik Berdal, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Giulia Bertoli, Lorenzo Bertolino, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Cláudia Bianco, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, Zeno Bisoffi, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, Mustapha Bittaye, Jonathan Bitton, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer, Catherine Blier, Frank Bloos, Mathieu Blot, Filomena Boccia, Laetitia Bodénes, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Isabela Bolaños, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, François Bompart, Aurelius Bonfasius, Diogo Borges, Raphaël Borie, Hans Martin Bosse, Élisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Dounia Bouhmani, Damien Bouhour, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Latsaniphone Bountthasavong, Anne‐Sophie Boureau, John Bourke, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Jason Bouziotis, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Maria Boylan, Fernando A. Bozza, Axelle Braconnier, Cynthia Braga, Timo Brandenburger, Filipa Brás Monteiro, Luca Brazzi, Patrick J. Breen, Dorothy Breen, David Brewster, Kathy Brickell, Tessa Broadley, Helen Brotherton, Shaunagh Browne, Alex Browne, Nicolas Brozzi, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Marjolein Brusse‐Keizer, Petra Bryda, Nina Buchtele, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Danilo Buonsenso, Erlina Burhan, Ingrid G. Bustos, Denis Butnaru, André Cabie, Susana Cabral, Joana Melo Cabrita, Eder Cáceres, Cyril Cadoz, Rui Caetano Garcês, Kate Calligy, Jose Andres Calvache, João Camões, Valentine Campana, Paul Campbell, Josie Campisi, Cecilia Canepa, Mireia Cantero, Janice Caoili, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Sheila Cárcel, Sofia Cardoso, Filipe S. Cardoso, Filipa Cardoso, Nelson Cardoso, Simone Carelli, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Gayle Carney, Inês Carqueja, Marie-Christine Carret, François Martin Carrier, Ida Carroll, Gail Carson, Maire-Laure Casanova, Mariana Cascão, Siobhan Casey, José Casimiro, Bailey Cassandra, Silvia Castañeda, Nidyanara Castanheira, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, Ivo Castro, Ana Catarino, François-Xavier Catherine, Paolo Cattaneo, Roberta Figueiredo Cavalin, Giulio Giovanni Cavalli, Alexandros Cavayas, Adrián Ceccato, Masaneh Ceesay, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Müge Çevik, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Adrienne Y L Chan, Meera Chand, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Charlotte Charpentier, Julie Chas, Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez, Anjellica Chen, Yih‐Sharng Chen, Léo Chenard, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Antoine Chéret, Thibault Chiarabini, Julián Chica, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Catherine Chirouze, Davide Chiumello, Sung‐Min Cho, Bernard Cholley, Danoy Chommanam, Marie‐Charlotte Chopin, Ting Soo Chow, Nathaniel Christy, Hiu Jian Chua, Jonathan Chua, José Pedro Cidade, José Miguel Cisneros, Anna Ciullo, Jennifer Clarke, Rolando Claure‐Del Granado, Sara Clohisey, Cassidy Codan, Caitriona Cody, Jennifer Coles, Gwenhaël Colin, Michael Collins, Pamela Combs, Jennifer Connolly, Marie Connor, Anne Conrad, Elaine Conway, G Cooke, Hugues Cordel, Amanda Corley, Sabine Cornelis, Alexander D. Cornet, Arianne Joy Corpuz, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadièrgues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Rachel Cregan, Cosimo Cristella, Gloria Crowl, Jonathan Crump, Claudina Cruz, Juan Luis Cruz-Bermúdez, Jaime Cruz‐Rojo, Marc Csete, Ailbhe Cullen, Matthew J. Cummings, Gerard F. Curley, Elodie Curlier, Colleen S. Curran, Paula Custódio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlène Da Silveira, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Andrew Dagens, John Arne Dahl, Darren Dahly, Umberto D’Alessandro, Peter Daley, Jo Ann Dalton, Heidi J. Dalton, Seamus Daly, Juliana Damas, Nick Daneman, Emmanuelle A. Dankwa, Jorge Dantas, Frédérick D’Aragon, Menno D. de Jong, Gillian de Loughry, Diego de Mendoza, Étienne de Montmollin, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Rosanna De Rosa, Cristina De Rose, Thushan I. de Silva, Peter de Vries, Jillian Deacon, David A. Dean, Alexa Debard, Bianca DeBenedictis, Marie‐Pierre Debray, Nathalie DeCastro, William Dechert, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Eric Delaveuve, K. Delavigne, Nathalie M. Delfos, Ionna Deligiannis, Andrea Dell’Amore, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Corine Delsing, Élisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Pieter Depuydt, Mehul J. Desai, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Santi Dewayanti, Pathik Dhangar, Alpha Diallo, S. Diamantis, André Dias, Fernanda Dias Da Silva, Juan José Díaz, Rodrigo Díaz, Priscila Diaz, Bakary Dibba, Kévin Didier, Jean‐Luc Diehl, Jérôme Dimet, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Yael Dishon, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B. Docherty, Helen Doherty, Arjen M. Dondorp, Christl A. Donnelly, Sean Donohue, Yoann Donohue, Peter T. Doran, Céline Dorival, Éric D’Ortenzio, Yash Doshi, Phouvieng Douangdala, James Joshua Douglas, Renée Douma, Nathalie Dournon, Joanne Downey, Mark Downing, Thomas M Drake, Aoife Driscoll, Amiel A. Dror, Murray Dryden, Cláudio Duarte Fonseca, Vincent Dubée, François Dubos, Audrey Dubot‐Pérès, Alexandre Ducancelle, Toni Duculan, Susanne Dudman, Abhijit Duggal, Paul Dunand, Jake Dunning, Mathilde Duplaix, Emanuele Durante‐Mangoni, Lucian A. Durham, Bertrand Dussol, Juliette Duthoit, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Sim Choon Ean, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos, Michael Edelstein, Siobhan Egan, Linn Margrete Eggesbø, Carla Eira, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Brigitte Elharrar, Jacobien Ellerbroek, Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Loubna Elotmani, Philippine Eloy, Tarek Elshazly, Iqbal Elyazar, Isabelle Enderle, Tomoyuki Endo, Chan Chee Eng, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Épaulard, Martina Escher, Mariano Esperatti, Hélène Espérou, Catarina Espírito Santo, Marina Esposito‐Farèse, Jo�ão Estêv�ão, Manuel Etienne, Anna Greti Everding, Mirjam Evers, Marc Fabre, Isabelle Fabre, Ismaila Fadera, Amna Faheem, Arabella Fahy, Cameron J. Fairfield, Pedro Faria, Hanan Fateena, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, Mohamed Fayed, Niamh Feely, Jorge Fernandes, Marília Andreia Fernandes, S. Fernandes, François‐Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Joana Ferrão, Mário Ferraz, Silvia Moreira Ayub‐Ferreira, Bernardo Ferreira, Benigno Ferreira, Isabel Ferreira, Nicolas Ferrière, Céline Ficko, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello, William Finlayson, Thomas Flament, Tom Fletcher, Aline-Marie Florence, Deirdre Flynn, Brigid C. Flynn, Jean Foley, Victor Fomin, Tatiana Fonseca, Patricia Fontela, Karen Forrest, Simon Forsyth, Denise Foster, Giuseppe Foti, Erwan Fourn, Robert Fowler, Marianne Fraher, Diego Franch-Llasat, John F. Fraser, Christophe Fraser, Marcela Vieira Freire, Ana Freitas Ribeiro, Caren Friedrich, Ricardo Fritz, Stéphanie Fry, Nora Fuentes, Masahiro Fukuda, G Argin, Valérie Gaborieau, Rostane Gaci, Massimo Gagliardi, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Amandine Gagneux‐Brunon, Abdou Gai, Sérgio Gaião, Linda Gail Skeie, Phil Gallagher, Carrol Gamble, Yasmin Gani, A.R. Garan, Rebekha Garcia, Noelia García Barrio, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Esteban García-Gallo, Navya Garimella, Denis Garot, Valérie Garrait, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Alexandre Gaymard, Johannes Gebauer, Eva Geraud, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Nuno Germano, Praveen Kumar Ghisulal, Jade Ghosn, Marco Giani, Tristan Gigante, Elaine Gilroy, Guillermo Giordano, Michelle Girvan, Valérie Gissot, Daniel Glikman, Petr Glybochko, Eric Gnall, Geraldine Goco, François Goehringer, Siri Goepel, Jean‐Christophe Goffard, Jin Yi Goh, Jonathan L. Golob, Rui Gomes, Kyle Gomez, Joan Gómez‐Junyent, Marie Gominet, Alicia Gonzalez, Patricia Gordon, Yanay Gorelik, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Cécile Goujard, Tiphaine Goulenok, Margarite Grable, Jerónimo Graf, E. Wilson Grandin, Pascal Granier, Giacomo Grasselli, Christopher Green, Courtney Greene, William Greenhalf, S. Greffe, Domenico Luca Grieco, Matthew Griffee, Fiona Griffiths, Ioana Grigoraș, Albert Groenendijk, Heidi Gruner, Yusing Gu, Jérémie Guedj, Martin Guego, Anne‐Marie Guerguerian, Daniela Guerreiro, Romain Guéry, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Maisa Guimarães de Castro, Thomas Guimard, Marieke Haalboom, Daniel A. Haber, Ali Hachemi, Nadir Hadri, Sheeba Hakak, Adam Hall, Matthew Hall, Sophie Halpin, Ansley Hamer, Raph L Hamers, Rébecca Hamidfar, Bato Hammarstrøm, Terese Hammond, Naomi Hammond, Lim Yuen Han, Rashan Haniffa, Kok Wei Hao, Hayley Hardwick, Ewen M. Harrison, Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison, Alan Hartman, Junaid Hashmi, Ailbhe Hayes, Leanne Hays, Jan Heerman, Lars Heggelund, Ross Hendry, Martina Hennessy, Aquiles R. Henríquez-Trujillo, Maxime Hentzien, Diana Hernández, Daniel Herr, Andrew D. Hershey, Liv Hesstvedt, Astarini Hidayah, Eibhlin Higgins, Rupert Higgins, Samuel Hinton, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Haider Hirkani, Hikombo Hitoto, Antonia Ho, Yi Bin Ho, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Wei Han Hoh, Oscar Hoiting, Rebecca Holt, Jan Cato Holter, Peter Horby, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Ikram Houas, Catherine L. Hough, Stuart Houltham, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu, Jean‐Sébastien Hulot, Stella Huo, Abby Hurd, Samreen Ijaz, M. Arfan Ikram, Carlos Cañada Illana, Patrick Imbert, Hugo Inácio, Carmen Infante Dominguez, Yun Sii Ing, Εlias Iosifidis, Mariachiara Ippolito, Sarah Isgett, Tiago Isidoro, Nadiah Ismail, Margaux Isnard, Mette Istre, Junji Itai, Daniel Ivulich, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Julien Jabot, Clare Jackson, Abubacarr Jagne, Victoria A. Janes, Stéphane Jauréguiberry, Denise Jaworsky, Florence Jego, Anilawati Mat Jelani, Synne Jenum, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ong Yiaw Joe, Ruth Noemí Jorge García, Silje Bakken Jørgensen, Mark L. Joseph, Cédric Joseph, Swosti Joshi, M. Jourdain, Philippe Jouvet, Anna Lena Jung, Hanna Jung, Dafsah Arifa Juzar, Ouifiya Kafif, Florentia Kaguelidou, Neerusha Kaisbain, Thavamany Kaleesvran, Sabina Kali, Alina Kalicinska, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, Smaragdi Kalomoiri, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin, Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin, Nadiah Kamarudin, Darshana Hewa Kandamby, Kong Yeow Kang, Dyah Kanyawati, Pratap Karpayah, Christiana Kartsonaki, Daisuke Kasugai, Kevin Katz, Christy Kay, Lamees Kayyali, Seán Keating, Pulak Kedia, Claire Kelly, Yvelynne P. Kelly, Andrea Kelly, Niamh Kelly, Aoife Kelly, Sadie Kelly, Maeve Kelsey, Kalynn Kennon, Sommay Keomany, Maeve Kernan, Younes Kerroumi, Sharma Keshav, Imrana Khalid, Antoine Khalil, Irfan Ullah Khan, Krish Kherajani, Michelle E. Kho, Saye Khoo, Ryan Khoo, Denisa Khoo, Khor How Kiat, Yuri Kida, Peter Kiiza, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Jae Burm Kim, Antoine Kimmoun, Detlef Kindgen‐Milles, Nobuya Kitamura, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland, Paul Klenerman, Rob Klont, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen R Knight, Robin Kobbe, Chamira Kodippily, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, Mamoru Komatsu, Volkan Korten, Arsène Kpangon, Karolina Krawczyk, Sudhir Krishnan, Vinothini Krishnan, Oksana Kruglova, Pei Xuan Kuan, Deepali Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Dinesh Kuriakose, Ethan Kurtzman, Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti, Demetrios J. Kutsogiannis, Galyna Kutsyna, Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, Marie Lachâtre, Marie Lacoste, John G. Laffey, Nadhem Lafhej, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Antonio Lalueza, M. Lambert, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Eka Yudha Lantang, Marina Lanza, Cédric Laouenan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Larivière, Stéphane Lasry, Sakshi Lath, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie‐Badie, Andy Law, Teresa Lawrence, Cassie Lawrence, Minh Lê, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fèvre, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, G. Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Ema Leal, Marta Santos, Todd C. Lee, Su Hwan Lee, James Lee, Heng Gee Lee, Biing Horng Lee, Yi Lin Lee, Jennifer Lee, Gary Leeming, Laurent Lefèbvre, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefèvre, Sylvie LeGac, Jean‐Daniel Lelièvre, François Lellouche, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Gretchen Lemmink, Ha Sha Lene, Jenny Lennon, Rafael León, Marc Léone, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, O. Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Amy Lester-Grant, Andrew G. Letizia, Sophie Letrou, Yves Lévy, Bruno Lévy, Claire Lévy‐Marchal, Katarzyna D. Lewandowska, Erwan L’Her, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Janet Liang, Geoffrey Liegeon, Wei Shen Lim, Kah Chuan Lim, Chantre Lima, Lim Lina, Bruno Lina, Andreas Lind, Maja Katherine Lingad, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Samantha Lissauer, Keibun Liu, Marine Livrozet, Patricia Lizotte, Antonio Loforte, Navy Lolong, Leong Chee Loon, Diogo Lopes, Dalia López‐Colón, Jose W. Lopez-Revilla, Anthony L. Loschner, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Silvia Lourenco, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Lee Lee Low, Marije M. Löwik, Jia Shyi Loy, Jean Christophe Lucet, Carlos M. Luna, Olguța Lungu, Miles Lunn, Liem Luong, Néstor Luque, Dominique Luton, Olavi Maasikas, Sara Machado, Moïse Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, Rafaël Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Ana Raquel Maia, Lars S. Maier, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Nadia Shamshad Malik, Fernando Maltêz, Denis Malvy, Victoria Manda, Jose M. Mandei, Laurent Mandelbrot, Frank Manetta, Julie Mankikian, Edmund Manning, Aldric Manuel, Ceila María Sant’Ana Malaque, Flávio Marino, Samuel Markowicz, Ana Marques, Catherine Marquis, Brian Marsh, Megan Marshal, Marshall John, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Dori-Ann Martin, Emily T. Martin, Guillaume Martin‐Blondel, F. Eduardo Martinez, Alejandro Martín‐Quirós, João Martins, Ana Martins, Nuno Martins, Caroline Martins Rego, Gennaro Martucci, О. В. Мартыненко, Eva Miranda Marwali, Marsilla Marzukie, David M. Maslove, Sabina Mason, Moshe Matan, Henrique Mateus Fernandes, Mathieu Mattèi, Laurence Maulin, Javier Maynar, Mayfong Mayxay, Thierry Mazzoni, Lisa Mc Sweeney, Colin McArthur, Naina McCann, Peter McCanny, Anne McCarthy, Aine McCarthy, Colin McCloskey, Rachael McConnochie, Sherry McDermott, Sarah E. McDonald, Aine McElroy, Samuel McElwee, Natalie McEvoy, Allison McGeer, Kenneth A McLean, Paul McNally, Edel Meaney, Cécile Mear-Passard, Maggie Mechlin, Omar Mehkri, Ferruccio Mele, L. F. Melo, João João Mendes, Ogechukwu Menkiti, Kusum Menon, France Mentré, Alexander J. Mentzer, Noémie Mercier, Emmanuelle Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Blake Mergler, António Pedro Mesquita, Roberta Meta, Osama Metwally, Agnès Meybeck, Dan M. Meyer, Alison Meynert, Vanina Meysonnier, Mehdi Mezidi, Céline Michelanglei, Isabelle Michelet, Efstathia Mihelis, Vladislav Mihnovit, Jennene Miller, Hugo Miranda-Maldonado, Nor Arisah Misnan, Tahira Jamal Mohamed, Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed, Asma Moin, Elena Molinos, Brenda Molloy, Mary C. Mone, A. Monteiro, Claudia Montes, Giorgia Montrucchio, Shona C. Moore, Sarah Moore, Lina Morales Cely, Lucía Moro, Ben Morton, Catherine Motherway, Ana Motos, Hugo Mouquet, Clara Mouton Perrot, Julien Moyet, Caroline Mudara, Ng Yong Muh, Dzawani Muhamad, Jimmy Mullaert, Fredrik Müller, Karl Erik Müller, Daniel Munblit, Laveena Munshi, Aisling Murphy, Patrick Murray, Marlène Murris, Srinivas Murthy, Himed Musaab, Himasha Muvindi, Dimitra Melia Myrodia, Behzad Nadjm, Dave Nagpal, Alex Nagrebetsky, Mangala Narasimhan, Nageswaran Narayanan, Alasdair Nazerali‐Maitland, Nadège Néant, Holger Neb, Nikita Nekliudov, Matthew Nelder, Erni Juwita Nelwan, Raul Neto, Emily Neumann, Pauline Yeung Ng, Wing Yiu Ng, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Orna Ni Choileain, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, Alistair Nichol, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Stephanie Nonas, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, Alessandra Notari, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Adam Nowinski, Saad Nseir, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih, Dwi Utomo Nusantara, Elsa Nyamankolly, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Fionnuala O. Brien, Annmarie O. Callaghan, Giovanna Occhipinti, Derbrenn OConnor, Max R. O’Donnell, Tawnya Ogston, Takayuki Ogura, Tak-Hyuk Oh, Sophie O’Halloran, Katie O’Hearn, Agnieszka Ołdakowska, João Oliveira, Piero Olliaro, David S. Y. Ong, Jee Yan Ong, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Anne Opavsky, Peter Openshaw, Claudia Milena Orozco‐Chamorro, Jamel Ortoleva, Javier Osatnik, Linda O’Shea, Miriam O’Sullivan, Siti Zubaidah Othman, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, E. Oziol, Maïder Pagadoy, Justine Pages, Massimo Palmarini, Giovanna Panarello, Prasan Kumar Panda, Lai Hui Pang, Mauro Panigada, Nathalie Pansu, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Rachael Parke, Melissa Parker, Jérémie Pasquier, Bruno Pastène, Fabian Patauner, Drashti Patel, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Luís Patrão, Patrícia Patrício, Lisa Patterson, Mical Paul, Christelle Paul, Jorge Paulos, William A. Paxton, Jean‐François Payen, Sandra Peake, Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy, Miguel Pedrera‐Jiménez, Giles J. Peek, Florent Peelman, Nathan Peiffer‐Smadja, Vincent Peigne, Mare Pejkovska, Paolo Pelosi, Ithan D. Peltan, R. M. Faisca Rodrigues Pereira, Daniel R. Pérez, Thomas Perpoint, Vincent Pestre, Lenka Petrou, Michele Petrovic, Ventzislava Petrov–Sanchez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Ooyanong Phonemixay, Soulichanya Phoutthavong, Michaël Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Raquel Pinto, Catarina Pires, Lionel Piroth, Ayodhia Pitaloka, Chiara Piubelli, Riinu Pius, Simone Piva, Laurent Plantier, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Maria Pokorska‐Śpiewak, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Jolanta Popielska, Diego Bastos Porto, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F. Postma, Pedro Póvoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sofia Prapa, Viladeth Praphasiri, Sébastien Préau, Christian Prebensen, Jean‐Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Mark G. Pritchard, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, Lúcia Proença, Sravya Pudota, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Luisa Quesada, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Fadi Qutishat, Maia A. Rabaa, Christian Rabaud, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Mutia Rahardjani, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, José C. Ramalho, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Grazielle Viana Ramos, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Ritika Ranjan, Christophe Rapp, Aasiyah Rashan, Thalha Rashan, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Tharmini Ravi, André Real, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Barbosa Reis, Jordi Rello, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Rémy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Luis Felipe Reyes, Maria Ines Ribeiro, Antonia Ricchiuto, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Ana Lúcia Rios, Asgar Rishu, P Rispal, Karine Risso, María Angélica Rivera Núñez, Chiara Robba, André Roberto, Charles Roberts, David Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Anna Roca, Ferran Roche‐Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Bernhard Roessler, Claire Roger, Pierre‐Marie Roger, Emmanuel Roilides, Amanda Rojek, Roberto Roncon‐Albuquerque, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa‐Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Patrick Rossignol, Carine Roy, Benoît Rozé, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Clark D Russell, Maeve Ryan, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Pranya Sakiyalak, Leonardo Salazar, Gabriele Sales, Charlotte Salmon Gandonnière, Hélène Salvator, Emely Sanchez, Olivier Sanchez, Kizy Sanchez de Oliveira, Ángel Sánchez-Miralles, Vanessa Sancho‐Shimizu, Gyan Sandhu, Zulfiqar Sandhu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Marlene Santos, Shirley Sarfo-Mensah, Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, Iam Claire E. Sarmiento, Benjamine Sarton, Ankana Satya, Sree Satyapriya, Rumaisah Satyawati, Egle Saviciute, Parthena Savvidou, Yen Tsen Saw, Justin Schaffer, Tjard Schermer, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Michael Schwameis, Gary Schwartz, J. T. Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sédillot, Tamara Seitz, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Malcolm G. Semple, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Anuraj Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Pratima Sharma, Catherine A. Shaw, Victoria Shaw, John Robert Sheenan, Rohan Shetty, Rajesh Mohan Shetty, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Nobuaki Shime, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Hoi‐Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Bountoy Sibounheuang, Atif Siddiqui, Louise Sigfrid, Fatoumata Sillah, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Rogério Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Benedict Sim Lim Heng, Wai Ching Sin, Dario Sinatti, Punam Singh, Mahendra Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Lene Bergendal Solberg, Joshua A. Solomon, Tom Solomon, Emily C. Somers, Agnès Sommet, Rima Song, Myung Jin Song, Tae-Jin Song, Jack Song Chia, Arne Søraas, Albert Sotto, Edouard Soum, Marta Sousa, Ana Chora Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B. P. Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu‐Cercel, Ami Stuart, David I. Stuart, Helen C. Su, Decy Subekti, Jacky Y. Suen, Prasanth Sukumar, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Atie Suwarti, Andrey А. Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Ewa Talarek, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Renaud Tamisier, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Taku Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofía Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Elmi Theron, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, Niamh Thompson, David Thomson, Emma C. Thomson, Mathew Thorpe, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Ryan S. Thwaites, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter Timashev, Jean‐François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Fiona Toal, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Marta Sánchez de la Torre, Margarida Torres, Antoní Torres, Rosario María Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres‐Zevallos, Michael Towers, Tony Trapani, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis P. Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Alexis F. Turgeon, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance Turtle, Anders Tveita, Paweł Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, PG Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Timothy M. Uyeki, Michel Vaillant, Cristinava Vajdovics, Piero Valentini, Luís Val-Flores, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, M. van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie van der Werf, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Frank van Someren Gréve, Ilonka van Veen, Hugo D.G. van Willigen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Pavan Kumar Vecham, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Gayatri Vishwanathan, Benoît Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Harald E. Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Laura Walsh, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Jia Wei, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, T. Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Sue Willems, Bailey Williams, Virginie Williams, Patricia J. Williams, Jessica Wittman, Calvin Wong, Xin Ci Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Natalie Wright, Lim Saio Xian, Ioannis Xynogalas, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Elizabeth Yarad, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie T. Yerkovich, Touxiong Yiaye, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Saptadi Yuliarto, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Konrad Zawadka, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, Alexander Zoufaly, David Zucman
Bibliographic record
VenueJAMA Network Open · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCOVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversité de Sherbrooke
FundersMedical Research CouncilNational Institute for Health and Care Research
KeywordsMedicineCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Clinical trialInterquartile rangeProtocol (science)PediatricsEmergency medicineInternal medicineAlternative medicineDiseasePathology
Abstract
Importance: Research diversity and representativeness are paramount in building trust, generating valid biomedical knowledge, and possibly in implementing clinical guidelines. Objectives: To compare variations over time and across World Health Organization (WHO) geographic regions of corticosteroid use for treatment of severe COVID-19; secondary objectives were to evaluate the association between the timing of publication of the RECOVERY (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy) trial (June 2020) and the WHO guidelines for corticosteroids (September 2020) and the temporal trends observed in corticosteroid use by region and to describe the geographic distribution of the recruitment in clinical trials that informed the WHO recommendation. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study of 434 851 patients was conducted between January 31, 2020, and September 2, 2022, in 63 countries worldwide. The data were collected under the auspices of the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC)-WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol for Severe Emerging Infections. Analyses were restricted to patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 (a subset of the ISARIC data set). Exposure: Corticosteroid use as reported to the ISARIC-WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol for Severe Emerging Infections. Main Outcomes and Measures: Number and percentage of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 who received corticosteroids by time period and by WHO geographic region. Results: Among 434 851 patients with confirmed severe or critical COVID-19 for whom receipt of corticosteroids could be ascertained (median [IQR] age, 61.0 [48.0-74.0] years; 53.0% male), 174 307 (40.1%) received corticosteroids during the study period. Of the participants in clinical trials that informed the guideline, 91.6% were recruited from the United Kingdom. In all regions, corticosteroid use for severe COVID-19 increased, but this increase corresponded to the timing of the RECOVERY trial (time-interruption coefficient 1.0 [95% CI, 0.9-1.2]) and WHO guideline (time-interruption coefficient 1.9 [95% CI, 1.7-2.0]) publications only in Europe. At the end of the study period, corticosteroid use for treatment of severe COVID-19 was highest in the Americas (5421 of 6095 [88.9%]; 95% CI, 87.7-90.2) and lowest in Africa (31 588 of 185 191 [17.1%]; 95% CI, 16.8-17.3). Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this cohort study showed that implementation of the guidelines for use of corticosteroids in the treatment of severe COVID-19 varied geographically. Uptake of corticosteroid treatment was lower in regions with limited clinical trial involvement. Improving research diversity and representativeness may facilitate timely knowledge uptake and guideline implementation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.015
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.277
Threshold uncertainty score0.994
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.276
GPT teacher head0.521
Teacher spread0.245 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations12
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes