Ligand-Enabled Nickel Catalysis for the <i>O</i>-Arylation of Alcohols and Phenols with (Hetero)aryl Chlorides Using a Soluble Organic Base
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While ligand-enabled metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as a versatile approach to thermal C(sp 2 )–O bond formation, broadly effective catalysts capable of employing a soluble organic base have yet to be disclosed. We report, such a Ni-based catalyst system for the O -arylation of both aliphatic alcohols and phenols, that makes use of PAd2-DalPhos ligation and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or tert -butylimino-tri(pyrrolidino)phosphorane (BTPP) as the base, in combination with a halide scavenger (sodium trifluoroacetate, NaTFA). This methodology affords a broad and expanded scope of (hetero)aryl ether products derived from inexpensive and widely available (hetero)aryl chlorides in a manner that is competitive with the best O -arylation catalysts reported to date for such electrophiles. Successful transformations of base-sensitive substrates that are incompatible with commonly employed NaO t Bu are presented, as are competition studies revealing a complex interplay of the electrophile, nucleophile, and organic base in directing selectivity for the O -arylation of aliphatic alcohols versus phenols.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".