Levels and human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust in Hanoi, Vietnam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in 15 indoor dust samples collected from 15 dwellings in urban Hanoi and estimated health risk assessment to the local population via dust ingestion and dermal contact.Sixteen PAHs were detected with a detection frequency of 80 -100%, and a range of concentrations of 22 -1490ng/g.Benz (j&b) fluoranthene (BbF), fluoranthene (Flt), and chrysene&triphenylen (Chr) were the most dominant compounds with the mean concentration of 1490; 984; 806, and 714ng/g, respectively.The contribution of 3 and 4-ring PAHs dominated the profile of PAHs significantly in the indoor dust.Results calculated benzo(a)pyrene equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE) showed that 5-and 6-aromatic rings PAHs were major toxicity threats in the carcinogenic index of PAHs in indoor dust.Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for adults and young calculated using ingestion and dermal contact was within the limits set by USEPA using the total concentration of 7 PAHs.The estimated ILCR for adults and children are 3.9x10 -3 and 4.2x10 -3 , respectively.These results are much higher than the recommended safety limit by EPA being 1x10 -4 which showed that PAHs in indoor dust has a significant long-term effect on adults and young children in urban of Hanoi.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".