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Record W4390414793 · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000192

Opioid Agonist Treatment Retention Among People Initiating Methadone and Buprenorphine Across Diverse Demographic and Geographic Subgroups in Ontario: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study

2023· article· en· W4390414793 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Abdulrahman Elnagdi, Daniel McCormack, Nikki Bozinoff, Mina Tadrous, Tony Antoniou, Charlotte Munro, Tonya Campbell, J. Michael Paterson, Muhammad Mamdani, Beth Sproule, Tara Gomes

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Addiction · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicOpioid Use Disorder Treatment
Canadian institutionsOntario Drug Policy Research NetworkSt. Michael's HospitalCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthMcMaster UniversityWomen's College HospitalUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBuprenorphineMedicineMethadoneInterquartile rangeDiscontinuation(+)-NaloxonePopulationRetrospective cohort studyCohortOpioidDemographyCohort studyOpioid use disorderResidenceAnesthesiaInternal medicineEnvironmental health

Abstract

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare time on treatment among individuals initiating buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone and understand how retention varies according to age, sex, and urban/rural residence. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study among individuals aged 18 years and older, residing in Southern Ontario, Canada, who initiated buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone between October 2016 and December 2018 (N=15,724). We compared time on treatment across demographic and geographic subgroups. Our primary outcome was time to treatment discontinuation, defined as missing at least 14 consecutive days of opioid agonist therapy (OAT). Results: We identified 15,724 eligible individuals, among whom 7209 (45.8%) initiated buprenorphine/naloxone and 8515 (54.2%) initiated methadone. The median time to treatment discontinuation was significantly shorter among those initiating buprenorphine/naloxone rather than methadone (114 d, interquartile range:15–665 d vs. 263 d interquartile range: 32–1015 d, respectively, P<0.0001). Time on treatment increased with age in both OAT groups, with the exception of those aged 65 and older, where retention declined. Among methadone recipients, time on treatment was longer among rural relative to urban residents (372 vs. 255 d; P=0.0073), with no variation by sex. Conversely, females treated with buprenorphine/naloxone had significantly longer treatment retention than men (125 vs. 108 d; P=0.0372), with no variation by urban or rural residence. Conclusions: Treatment retention is lower among individuals treated with buprenorphine/naloxone relative to methadone. Moreover, retention varies between and within OAT groups by demographic variables and place of residence. Further research which aims to explain these differences is needed to optimize OAT treatment. Objectifs de l'étude: Comparer la durée du traitement chez les personnes qui commencent à prendre de la buprénorphine/naloxone et de la méthadone et comprendre comment la rétention varie en fonction de l'âge, du sexe et du lieu de résidence (urbain ou rural). Méthodes: Nous avons mené une étude de cohorte rétrospective basée sur la population parmi les personnes âgées de 18 ans et plus, résidant dans le sud de l’Ontario, au Canada, qui ont commencé à prendre de la buprénorphine/naloxone ou de la méthadone entre octobre 2016 et décembre 2018 (N=15 724). Nous avons comparé la durée du traitement entre les sous-groupes démographiques et géographiques. Notre résultat principal était le temps écoulé jusqu'à l’arrêt du traitement, défini comme l’absence d’au moins 14 jours consécutifs de traitement par agoniste opioïde (TAO). Résultats: Nous avons identifié 15 724 personnes éligibles, parmi lesquelles 7 209 (45,8%) ont commencé à prendre de la buprénorphine/naloxone et 8 515 (54,2%) de la méthadone. Le temps médian avant l’arrêt du traitement était significativement plus court chez les personnes ayant commencé la buprénorphine/naloxone plutôt que la méthadone (114 jours, intervalle interquartile [IQR] 15-665 jours contre 263 jours IQR 32-1 015 jours, respectivement, P<0.0001). La durée du traitement a augmenté avec l'âge dans les deux groupes de TAO, à l’exception des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus, chez qui la rétention a diminué. Parmi les patients traités à la méthadone, la durée du traitement était plus longue dans les zones rurales que dans les zones urbaines (372 jours contre 255 jours; P=0.0073), sans variation selon le sexe. Inversement, les femmes traitées à la buprénorphine/naloxone avaient une durée de traitement significativement plus longue que les hommes (125 jours contre 108 jours ; P=0.0372), sans variation selon le lieu de résidence (urbain ou rural). Conclusion: La rétention du traitement est plus faible chez les personnes traitées à la buprénorphine/naloxone qu’avec la méthadone. De plus, la rétention varie entre et au sein des groupes TAO en fonction des variables démographiques et du lieu de résidence. Des recherches supplémentaires visant à expliquer ces différences sont nécessaires pour optimiser le traitement par TAO.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.108
Threshold uncertainty score0.217

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.250
Teacher spread0.234 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations7
Published2023
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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Same venueThe Canadian Journal of AddictionSame topicOpioid Use Disorder TreatmentFrench-language works237,207