Prediction of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Using Events in Fetal Heart Rate and Uterine Pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the utility of using intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine pressure (UP) events to detect infants at risk of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We analyzed data from 40,976 term births from three groups: 374 infants that developed HIE, 3,056 that developed fetal acidosis without HIE, and 37,546 healthy infants. We counted the transitions between FHR events and the length of FHR and UP events. Then, we used these features to train a random forest classifier to discriminate between the healthy and the pathological (acidosis or HIE) groups. Compared to the Caesarean delivery rates for each group, our system detected 6.9% more HIE cases (54.9% vs 61.8%, p<0.001) and 10.7% more acidosis cases (37.6% vs 48.3%, p<0.001), with no increase in the false positive rates in the healthy group (38.9% vs 38.8%, p=0.26). Importantly, over 3/4 of the HIE detections were made 3 hours or more before delivery. It is reasonable to expect that this would be enough lead time to permit clinical intervention to improve the outcome of birth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".