Epidermal tyrosine catabolism is crucial for metabolic homeostasis and survival against high-protein diets in <i>Drosophila</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The insect epidermis forms the exoskeleton and determines the body size of an organism. How the epidermis acts as a metabolic regulator to adapt to changes in dietary protein availability remains elusive. Here, we show that the Drosophila epidermis regulates tyrosine (Tyr) catabolism in response to dietary protein levels, thereby promoting metabolic homeostasis. The gene expression profile of the Drosophila larval body wall reveals that enzymes involved in the Tyr degradation pathway, including 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (Hpd), are upregulated by increased protein intake. Hpd is specifically expressed in the epidermis and is dynamically regulated by the internal Tyr levels. Whereas basal Hpd expression is maintained by insulin/IGF-1 signalling, Hpd induction on high-protein diet requires activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-forkhead box O subfamily (FoxO) axis. Impairment of the FoxO-mediated Hpd induction in the epidermis leads to aberrant increases in internal Tyr and its metabolites, disrupting larval development on high-protein diets. Taken together, our findings uncover a crucial role of the epidermis as a metabolic regulator in coping with an unfavourable dietary environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".