PC48 EFFECT OF EARLY CHOLESTEROL INTAKE ON CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS AND PLASMA LIPIDS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Early intake of cholesterol and its possible imprinting of later cholesterol metabolism has been studied to understand the influence of infant nutrition on adult cholesterol metabolism and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk. In infants, cholesterol intake relates inversely to endogenous cholesterol fractional synthesis rates (FSR) at 4 months of age. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the level of dietary cholesterol in early life induces changes in FSR and plasma lipids that persist at 18 months. Methods: A prospective, parallel arm, clinical trial was performed in 47 infants followed from their first week of life until 18 months on an unrestricted diet. The first group (n=15) received human milk (HM) until weaned, remaining infants were randomized to receive modified cow-milk formula (MCF) with added cholesterol (n=15), or cow-milk formula (CF, n=17), for 12 months. The cholesterol contents of HM, MCF, and CF were 12, 8, and 4 mg/dl, respectively. FSR and plasma lipids were measured at 4 and 18 months. Results: At 4 months, there was a significant effect of cholesterol intake on FSR (p<0.05) among the three groups. FSR in the HM group (0.034±0.005 pools/day) was lower (p<0.02) than CF (0.052±0.005 pools/day); there was no difference between HM and MCF (0.047±0.005 pools/day), nor between MCF and CF. Infants fed HM (157.5±5.7 mg/dl) and MCF (148.9±6.1 mg/dl) had no difference in plasma total cholesterol (TC), but both were higher (p<0.02) than those fed CF (126.7±5.7 mg/dl). HDL-cholesterol levels were higher (p=0.005) in the MCF group (55.4±2.7 mg/dl) than in the HM (42.3±2.5 mg/dl) and CF (44.6±2.5 mg/dl) groups. LDL-cholesterol levels were higher in the HM group (80.7±4.4 mg/dl) than MCF (60.5±4.6 mg/dl, p=0.0027) and CF (46.4±4.4 mg/dl, p<0.0001); MCF group was also higher (p<0.03) than CF group. There were no differences among groups in VLDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The ratio between TC:HDL-C was lower in MCF (2.76±0.17, p<0.0001) and CF (2.96±0.16, p=0.004) groups than in HM group (3.81±0.16). At 18 months, there were no significant differences among the three groups in any of the aforementioned parameters. Conclusion: While early intake of cholesterol affects FSR and plasma lipids at 4 months, the differences observed between groups do not persist at 18 months. This indicates that there is no imprinting of cholesterol biosynthesis at early life cycle stages by differing dietary levels of cholesterol in infancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".