Surface modification of mechanical heart valves: A review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence of heart valve diseases and their significant impact on global mortality underscore the urgency of refining heart valve technology. Despite the crucial roles of both bioprosthetic and mechanical heart valves in restoring proper blood flow, their application is hindered by complications such as thrombosis, embolization, and structural dysfunction. The present review provides insight into different types of mechanical heart valves and their components, including the materials used in manufacturing. Common complications and defects associated with heart valves are also overviewed, highlighting the significance of surface texture in valve functionality. Central to the discussion is the emerging field of surface-modification and coating techniques. Understanding and selecting appropriate approaches are crucial in improving valve performance and mitigating complications. The review covers a range of established and innovative techniques utilized for surface modification and coating of mechanical heart valves. These techniques aim to improve hemocompatibility, reduce thrombogenicity, and promote long-term durability of mechanical heart valves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".