Soil and plant attributes under grazing exclusion in semi-steppic semi-arid rangelands, Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exclusion (20 years) on the attributes of soil and vegetation in northwest of Iran. Three sites in grazed and three sites in exclusion areas were selected. At each site, three 100 m transects were established for sampling purposes. Soil attributes, including electrical conductivity, pH, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, clay, silt, calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate were measured in the lab. Additionally, the primary and secondary attributes of vegetation including density, canopy cover, aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of plant functional types (PFTs), diversity, richness and evenness indices were recorded. The findings of our study indicate that the exclusion site exhibited significantly higher levels of soil organic carbon (1.91%), total nitrogen (0.95%), available phosphorus (1.75 ppm), and soluble potassium (163.52 ppm) compared to the grazed site. However, no significant differences were observed in other soil characteristics between the two sites. Density, canopy cover percentage, ANPP of PFTs (p < .01), diversity (1.92), and richness index (9.64), were higher in the exclusion area (p < .05), while, evenness showed no significant difference. The total species density and canopy cover within the exclusion area were also found to be higher than in grazed areas. Results suggest that exclusion in semi-arid semi-steppes plays an important role in rangeland management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".