Risques d’inondation, opportunités et résilience : Comment assurer la mise en oeuvre d’un changement au Canada ?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Les lois et politiques provinciales et territoriales en matière d'aménagement du territoire permettent d'encadrer les municipalités dans leur planification.Leur financement et sources de revenus étant parfois limités, l'entretien des infrastructures et d'autres services publics dépend en grande partie des impôts fonciers et redevances d'aménagement comme principale source de financement, ce qui incite au développement.Cette situation engendre parfois un développement non durable, une mauvaise adaptation et une vulnérabilité croissante accompagnée des dérèglements climatiques.Dans ce contexte, la protection et la création d'espaces verts au sein des communes sont souvent considérées comme une limite au développement.Ces politiques entretiennent ainsi une situation de risque et une exposition aggravée impactant à la fois les propriétaires d'immeubles commerciaux et de maisons, les compagnies d'assurance, les municipalités et les ordres supérieurs de gouvernement.Cet article fournira une compréhension générale de l'état actuel de la législation et de la politique d'utilisation des terres au Canada et ses implications en matière d'adaptation, de résilience et de risque.Nous nous pencherons sur les lacunes actuelles dans les lois et politiques provinciales et territoriales en matière d'aménagement du territoire qui créent ou entretiennent un risque moral empêchant ou limitant l'adaptation au Canada avant de mettre en avant les alternatives possibles et pratiques au sein d'autres juridictions canadiennes et internationales.ABSTRACT.Provincial and territorial laws and policies regarding land use planning provide guidance to municipalities in their planning.Because their financing and revenue sources are sometimes limited, the maintenance of infrastructure and other public services rely largely on property taxes and development charges as the main source of financing, which incentivizes development.This situation can lead to unsustainable development, poor adaptation and increasing vulnerability accompanied by climate change.In this context, the protection and creation of green spaces within municipalities are often considered as a limit to development.These policies thus maintain a situation of risk and aggravated exposure impacting both owners of commercial buildings and homes, insurance companies, municipalities, and higher levels of government.This article will provide a general understanding of the current state of land use legislation and policy in Canada and its implications for adaptation, resilience and risk.We will examine current gaps in provincial and territorial land use planning laws and policies that create or maintain moral hazard preventing or limiting adaptation in Canada before highlighting possible and practical alternatives within other canadian and international jurisdictions.MOTS-CLÉS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".