Profil des prises en charge des envenimations en milieux ruraux : une préférence aux guérisseurs endogènes excepté les cas dus aux abeilles mellifères (Apis mellifera Linné, 1758) dans la Commune de Djidja, République du Bénin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context and objective : Envenomation is one of the greatest neglected health challenges. It hinders and kills rural populations in developing countries and as such deserves particular care. This research attempted to (i) analyze the venomous fauna, their victims, the performance of medical and endogenous care systems in a rural area of Benin and (ii) determine the guiding principles of their frequentation in case of bites and stings. Methods. The research covered the entire district of Djidja, a poor rural municipality in Benin. Through anonymous surveys, the victims of bites and stings that were healed at the medical and endogenous centers of the district for one year, the circumstances of occurrence of the envenomation, and the associated social costs were analyzed. Results: The bites and stings that were referred to medical or endogenous centers were caused by snakes (55.43 %), scorpions (34.94 %), honeybees (6.02 %) and centipedes (3.61 %). Endogenous healers were more solicited despite their lower geographic coverage and their higher social costs. Men were more affected and the attacks mainly occurred during economic activities of the households (62.65 %). The rare sequelae and death were caused by snakebites. medical centers are apparently more expensive, the preference to endogenous healers was more complex and also included socio-religious considerations. Strengthening the technical capacities of health centers, ensuring the affordability of anti-venoms, and improving the accommodation standards of health agents will help to overcome the negative perceptions the populations have on public health centers. Further investigations are required for an efficient cooperation of the two systems. Conclusion: Although the medical centers are apparently more expensive, the preference to endogenous healers was more complex and also included socio-religious considerations. Strengthening the technical capacities of health centers, ensuring the affordability of anti-venoms, and improving the accommodation standards of health agents will help to overcome the negative perceptions the populations have on public health centers. Further investigations are required for an efficient cooperation of the two systems. Contexte & objectif: Les envenimations font partie des grands défis sanitaires négligés qui tuent et handicapent les populations dans les pays sous-développés. Cette étude a analysé (i) les agents venimeux, les acteurs impliqués, les performances des systèmes médical et endogène de traitement et (ii) les principes de choix de leur fréquentation dans un milieu rural au Bénin. Méthodes. Les victimes de morsures et piqûres reçues pendant une années dans les centres de santé et chez les guérisseurs endogènes, les circonstances des attaques et les charges des traitements ont été analysées par des enquêtes anonymes dans la commune de Djidja (Bénin). Résultats: Les attaques de venimeux nécessitant une prise en charge étaient causés par les serpents (55,43 %), les scorpions (34,94 %), l’abeille domestique (6,02 %) et les scolopendres (3,61 %). Les guérisseurs endogènes sont plus sollicités (68,67 %), malgré leur couverture géographique plus faible et leurs charges sociales plus grandes. Les attaques se font surtout pendant les activités économiques (62,65 %). Les hommes sont plus impactés et les séquelles et décès sont dus aux serpents. Conclusion: Bien que les coûts des centres de santé soient apparemment plus élevés, les raisons de préférence aux guérisseurs endogènes sont plus complexes et incluent aussi des considérations socioreligieuses. Le renforcement des capacités techniques des centres de santé, l’assurance de la disponibilité d’anti-venins à des coûts acceptables et l’amélioration des conditions d’hébergement des agents de santé permettront la levée des conceptions négatives qui limitent leur fréquentation. D’amples investigations sont nécessaires pour une coopération effective des deux systèmes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".