Research Note: Non-invasive urate sphere corticosterone metabolite as a novel biomarker for heat stress in poultry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) poses a critical concern for the global poultry industry. To better understand its impact and mechanism on poultry species, as well as to develop effective HS mitigation options, it is crucial to validate reliable and effective biomarkers of HS. In this study, broiler chickens (96 mixed-sex, 1-day-old) were randomly assigned to 2 environmental conditions: HS at 31°C for 8 h/d versus a thermoneutral condition (TN) at 24°C ± 0.2 throughout the day, from d 21 to d 28. After 7 d of cyclic HS, blood serum samples and the urate sphere (the white portion of the chicken excreta) were collected to measure specific HS biomarkers, including corticosterone, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), Triiodothyronine (T3), and urate sphere corticosterone metabolite. The results showed that the concentrations of HSP70, T3, and serum corticosterone were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the heat-stressed and thermoneutral birds in this study. However, heat-stressed birds recorded higher (P < 0.01) concentration (pg/mL) of urate corticosterone metabolite compared to TN birds. Data presented here thus provide preliminary evidence suggesting the use of non-invasive urate sphere corticosterone metabolite as a heat stress biomarker in poultry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".