Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recruitment A minstrel might obtain a position in the king's household, or in any elite household, in various ways. Most of these involve transfer from one household to another, or from one department to another within a household, but there are examples of transfer from civic to domestic employment. There are hints, too, of independent minstrels gaining employment in royal service, although this is unprovable. These all involve established professional minstrels obtaining promotion. The question arises as to how a young minstrel could get a foot on the employment ladder, and therefore how boys were trained for service as minstrels. Transfers between households Perhaps the most obvious way by which a minstrel could gain permanent employment in the king's household was from a dependent household. It was not unusual for vacancies in the king's household to be filled by minstrels from the household of the queen or the Prince of Wales,1 though we must remember that the minstrel was, technically, already an employee of the king. Even when a household was no longer strictly dependent, transfer from there to the king's household was probably an obvious possibility. Edward IV found a place for William Barley, formerly a minstrel of his brother the Duke of Clarence, who apparently joined Edward's minstrels on Clarence's death in 1478. This was presumably a matter of expediency – even of charity – although one assumes that Barley was a highly competent minstrel. A case of transfer in the opposite direction, however, was clearly a matter of career promotion, when Edward III's trumpeter John Buckingham was promoted to be chief minstrel to John of Gaunt in 1379/80. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and George Duke of Clarence were close relatives of the king (son of Edward III and brother of Edward IV, respectively), so that their minstrels were no doubt well known in the households to which they transferred. A minstrel in the household of a non-royal magnate could become known to the king through his performance when the magnate was a guest of the king, or sometimes the host.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.025 | 0.060 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.111 | 0.050 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".