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Record W4390805838 · doi:10.1080/01932691.2023.2301461

Formulation and statistical optimization of clozapine solid self emulsification system for improving the dissolution properties

2024· article· en· W4390805838 on OpenAlex
Ravi Pethani, Kiran Dudhat, Moinuddin Soniwala, Sunny Shah, Ravi Manek, Ashvin Dudhrejiya, Trupesh Pethani, Aastha Gadoya, Dhaval Mori

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Dispersion Science and Technology · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
TopicDrug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Canadian institutionsKwantlen Polytechnic University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDifferential scanning calorimetryDissolutionSolubilityBioavailabilityChemistryChemical engineeringPowder diffractionChromatographyDissolution testingMaterials scienceOrganic chemistryPharmacologyCrystallographyThermodynamics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that exhibits low bioavailability (>27%) due to poor solubility and higher hepatic metabolism. The present investigation was aimed to prepare a solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) of clozapine to improve its dissolution properties. Various long-chained natural dietary oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants were screened to evaluate their drug solubilization ability and emulsification efficiency which was measured in terms of % transmittance of the formed system. A ternary phase diagram was generated to identify compositions that were able to form emulsions with the required globule size. The simplex lattice design was used to understand the effect of change in the composition of excipients on important product characteristics. The regression analysis suggested a significant effect of the change in the proportion of composition on selected response variables. The Liquid-SEDDS (L-SEDDS) were mixed with solid carriers (aerosil-200 and MCC) to form S-SEDDS. The results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) studies indicated the complete transformation of the crystalline drug into the amorphous or molecular level dispersed state for the S-SEDDS prepared using aerosil-200 as a carrier. The results of in-vitro dissolution studies proved significant improvement in the dissolution of the drug from the S-SEDDS compared to the pure drug.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.950
Threshold uncertainty score0.246

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.061
GPT teacher head0.381
Teacher spread0.321 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it