Changes in pain following bilateral intermittent theta-burst, transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression: A retrospective chart review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Pain management in patients with chronic pain and comorbid depression is challenging and understudied. There is interest in intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), a new modality of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This retrospective review describes changes in pain, anxiety and depression throughout iTBS treatment at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent their first acute series of iTBS treatments at the DLPFC for depression at a single institution between 2020 and 2023. Data on depression, anxiety, and pain were collected throughout iTBS treatment using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; higher scores indicate worse depression) and visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-100, higher scores indicate worse pain, anxiety, and depression). Nonparametric tests were used for all analyses. Results: = 0.004). Ten of 32 patients with available pre- and posttreatment scores reported ≥30% reduction in pain scores (31.2%). Conclusion: These preliminary results, suggesting decreases in pain following iTBS treatment, provide a rationale for future rigorous investigations to evaluate this intervention for depression and comorbid chronic pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".