Standing middle cerebral artery velocity predicts cognitive function and gait speed in older adults with cognitive impairment, and is impacted by sex differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Upright posture challenges the cerebrovascular system, leading to changes in middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) dynamics which are less evident at supine rest. Chronic alterations in MCAv have been linked to hypoperfusion states and the effect that this may have on cognition remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if MCAv and oscillatory metrics of MCAv (ex. pulsatility index, PI) during upright posture are i) associated with cognitive function and gait speed (GS) to a greater extent than during supine rest, and ii) are different between sexes. Beat-by-beat MCAv (transcranial Doppler ultrasound) and mean arterial pressure (MAP, plethysmography) were averaged for 30-seconds during supine-rest through a transition to standing for 53 participants (73±6yrs, 17 females). While controlling for age, multiple linear regressions predicting MoCA scores and GS from age, supine MCAv metrics, and standing MCAv metrics, were completed. Simple linear regressions predicting Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and GS from MCAv metrics were performed separately for females and males. Significance was set to p<0.05. Lower standing diastolic MCAv was a significant (p=0.017) predictor of lower MoCA scores in participants with mild cognitive impairment, and this relationship only remained significant for males. Lower standing PI was associated with slower GS (p=0.027, r=-0.306) in both sexes. Our results indicate a relationship between blunted MCAv and altered oscillatory flow profiles during standing, with lower MoCA scores and GS. These relationships were not observed in the supine position, indicating a unique relationship between standing measures of MCAv with cognitive and physical functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".