Roles of Hydrogen Bonds in Ionic Conductivity in the LiNO<sub>3</sub>–Poly(vinyl alcohol) Electrolyte: A Real-Time Raman Spectroscopic Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The real-time correlation between the ionic conductivity and water structure of the LiNO 3 -poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer electrolyte was examined. It was found that ionic conductivity decays proportionally with the water content within the system. Under 45% relative humidity (RH) storage conditions, the ionic conductivity of LiNO 3 –PVA plateaus at 18 ± 2 mS cm –1, and under 15% RH conditions, it ranges from 1 to 3 mS cm –1 . Using Raman spectroscopy to track the changes in hydrogen bonding within both liquid and polymer electrolytes, the HOH band (3000–3800 cm –1 ) was monitored in real time and compared with the changes in ionic conductivity from the electrochemical cells. The strength of the hydrogen bonding decreased with the increase in LiNO 3 concentration, with little influence from PVA. The specific compositions of the polymer electrolytes were correlated to the equivalent liquid concentrations of LiNO 3 . An equivalency of 5–7 M LiNO 3 for 50 wt % water of LiNO 3 –PVA was established, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 48 ± 5 mS cm –1 . The degradation in ionic conductivity can be attributed to fewer hopping sites through bulk water and fewer mobile ions. This analysis provides a simple and reliable method for assessing the performance of the LiNO 3 –PVA system, which can be applied to enhance and predict the longevity of other aqueous-based electrolytes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".