Clear effects of population and sex but not rearing temperature on stress tolerance in a temperate butterfly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT As temperatures are rising globally, the survival of organisms depends on their tolerance of such rising temperatures as well as resistance to indirect effects such as resource shortage under these new conditions. Genetic background and phenotypic plasticity in the form of acclimation are known to affect stress resistance, but much about genetic variation in plasticity is still unknown, especially in insects other than Drosophila . Here we aim to study the effect of population of origin, developmental temperature, and their interaction on stress tolerance (heat tolerance and starvation resistance). We test the beneficial acclimation hypothesis and how it is influenced by intraspecific differences. For this, we reared Glanville fritillary butterfly larvae originating from Finland and Spain at high and control temperatures, and measured their heat tolerance and starvation resistance. To assess potential costs of acclimation we also measured lifespan under control conditions. Neither adult heat tolerance nor starvation resistance were impacted by thermal conditions during development and thus we found no evidence for the beneficial acclimation hypothesis. Heat tolerance also did not differ between sex or population of origin. In contrast, we found interacting effects of population and sex on adult starvation resistance, with Spanish females outperforming other groups. Spanish females also had a longer lifespan under control conditions. Our study provides no evidence for the beneficial acclimation hypothesis but highlights the importance of population differences in stress tolerance. SUMMARY STATEMENT Despite their importance, the interacting effects of population of origin and developmental acclimation temperature on stress response have not often been studied together, especially in insects other than Drosophila .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".