Aplikasi Surfaktan Alami dan Sintetis untuk Meningkatkan Penghilangan Total Petroleum Hidrokarbon dari Tanah Tercemar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons (total petroleum hydrocarbons) is an environmental problem affecting human health and the environment. Innovative and sustainable treatment methods are needed to solve this problem. One remediation technique that can be used is soil washing. Soil washing is a remediation technique using surfactants as a contaminant washing solution. This research study investigated the washing of soil contaminated by used motor oil using green and synthetic surfactants. The type of natural surfactant used was saponin at a concentration of 10,000 mg/L and synthetic surfactant Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) at 800 mg/L. The effect of washing time and stirring speed on TPH reduction efficiency was also tested through a series of laboratory tests. Based on the statistical results, the three factors, namely surfactant type, washing time, and stirring speed, significantly influenced TPH removal. Optimum removal efficiency with LAS surfactant was obtained under washing time between 70 - 90 minutes and stirring speed between 40 - 50 rpm. Meanwhile, saponin surfactant at washing time is 60 - 80 minutes, and stirring speed is 48 - 50 rpm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".