Inverse-designed silicon nitride reflectors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reflectors play a pivotal role in silicon photonics since they are used in a wide range of applications, including attenuators, filters, and lasers. This Letter presents six silicon nitride reflectors implemented using the inverse design technique. They vary in footprint, ranging from 4 µm × 3 µm to 4 µm × 8 µm. The smaller device has an average simulated reflectivity of -1.5 dB, whereas the larger one exhibits an average reflectivity of -0.09 dB within the 1530 to 1625 nm range. The latter also presents a 1-dB bandwidth of 172 nm, spanning from 1508 to 1680 nm. Despite their resemblance to circular gratings, these devices are more intricate and compact, particularly due to their non-intuitive features near the input waveguide, which include rough holes and teeth. The roughness of these features significantly contributes to the performance of the devices. The reflectors were fabricated on a silicon nitride multi-project wafer (MPW) through a streamlined process involving only a single etching step. The 4 µm × 8 µm reflector demonstrates a remarkably high reflectivity of -0.26±0.11 dB across the 1530 to 1600 nm range, rendering it suitable for high-quality factor cavities with direct applications in lasers and optical communications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".