Arsenic contamination on sediments in the North and Tamiahua Beaches, Gulf of Mexico: Environmental implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent studies, particularly in sediments of the Gulf of Mexico, show that there are high concentrations of arsenic (As). In Norte Beach sediments, concentration of As varies from 3.55 to 25.7 mg/kg, with an average value of 11.641 mg/kg. Similarly, the As content in Tamiahua Beach varies between 0.8 and 2.10 mg/kg (avg. 1.36 mg/kg). Different indices were used to infer the enrichment, toxicity and risk to the aquatic environment. The enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I geo ) obtained for As in the North Beach were 6.7–53.1 and 2.16–5.14, respectively. However, in Tamiahua beach sediments As content EF and I geo values vary between 1.8 to 4.57 and 0.26–1.61, respectively. The Canadian Environmental Quality Guide (CEQG) divides concentrations into 2 levels: threshold effect (TEL) and probable effect (PEL), these levels define three probable biological effects. The As concentrations of the two beaches were between the TEL (threshold effect levels) and PEL (probable effect level). High concentration of As is due to the anthropogenic contamination derived from different industries located along the Gulf of Mexico coastal areas, which increase the possibility for adverse effect towards living organisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".