Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward dietary salt intake among adults in Haiphong, Vietnam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Excessive salt intake is a significant contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices relating to salt consumption in Vietnam are currently insufficient. This community-based cross-sectional study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dietary salt intake among 400 Vietnamese adults. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Only 28.2% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, 40.5% had positive attitudes, and 42.5% exhibited good practices toward dietary salt intake. The percentage of participants who frequently checked information about the amount of salt in food and stated that it often influenced their purchasing decisions is around 40%. Additionally, 52% of participants often try to buy “low-salt” food. Most participants frequently add salt to their food when preparing and cooking (94.8%), add salt to food at the table (84%), and use spices for cooking (97%). Among the participants, 63.8% claimed to be attempting to reduce their salt intake in their daily diet. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, knowledge, and attitudes were associated with good salt-related practices. A communication program should be implemented to improve peop
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".