Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter evaluates the U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program, which was designed as a response to the loss of Southeast Asian rubber imports during World War II. The initiative was hampered both by flawed design and by prewar denialism that the United States would or should become involved in the war, which led to delays in facilities construction. The U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program started late, failed to meet production targets before the last quarter of 1943, produced an imperfect substitute for natural rubber, and involved hundreds of millions of dollars of unnecessary expenditure. In the wake of a politicized battle over what feedstock should be used in the program, and after his veto of the Rubber Supply Act of 1942, President Roosevelt appointed a committee and instructed it to examine the perilous economic, military, and political situation in which the country then found itself. The chapter then discusses the crisis that brought the committee into existence and the substance of its September 1942 Report of the Rubber Survey Committee, referred to as the Survey Committee Report. It looks at the attempts to develop alternative plant-based sources of latex; the program's emphasis on petroleum; and the nationwide program of gas rationing to save rubber.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".