Dynamic, remote-controllable electroactive hydrogel waveguide architectures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Remote-controllable waveguide architectures inspired by living organisms with unique flexible, light guiding properties were fabricated using self-trapped beams of incoherent light. Made of electroactive hydrogels, light-guiding structures are generated through a nonlinear, self-inscription process that utilizes visible beams from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Due to irreversible refractive index changes experienced by photoinduced chemical reactions, these self-trapped beams permanently inscribe cylindrical waveguides along their paths. Taking advantage of this phenomena, we fabricate macro-scale, remote controllable waveguide structures in the form of rectangular prisms and arrays of cylindric waveguides. We also fabricate micro-scale structures for remote actuation, in the form of rectangular prisms embedded with thousands of waveguide units. By applying and varying external electric fields, we dynamically control the bending, angular orientation, and rotation (up to 360°) of these pliant light-guiding structures. This allows precise, remote control of the waveguided light output.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".