Open Air Direct Oxidative Coupling of Alcohols and Amines to Imines Catalyzed by Ruthenium Nanoclusters Supported on a Mesoporous Carbon (CMK-8) in/on Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a green and efficient protocol for the synthesis of various imines including challenging α,β-unsaturated imines directly from alcohols and amines via a tandem oxidative cross-coupling strategy. The reaction is catalyzed by ruthenium nanoclusters supported on a cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-8) under ambient air pressure (622 Torr) and mild aqueous conditions without requiring a base or other additives. The catalyst shows excellent activity and selectivity for a broad range of alcohols and amines, giving the desired imines in excellent yield and high purity. The catalyst was characterized by various analytical techniques such as N 2 sorption analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM, and the corresponding elemental mapping. The results revealed that the catalyst has a large surface area, uniform pore size distribution with ordered cubic arrangement, and active Ru species with very small sizes (mostly less than 1 nm), which most likely accounts for its exceptional catalytic performance. Hot filtration and recycling tests demonstrated that the catalyst operated heterogeneously and remained active for at least three cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".