Anti-Cancer Peptides Identification and Activity Type Classification With Protein Sequence Pre-Training
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, responsible for millions of deaths annually. Addressing this issue necessitates the discovery of novel anti-cancer drugs. Anti-cancer peptides (ACPs), with their unique ability to selectively target cancer cells, offer new hope in discovering low side-effect anti-cancer drugs. However, the process of discovering novel ACPs is both time-consuming and costly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a computational method that can predict whether a given peptide is an ACP and classify its specific functional types. In this paper, we introduce DUO-ACP, a model serving dual roles in ACP prediction: identification and functional type classification. DUO-ACP employs two embedding modules to acquire knowledge about global protein features and local ACP characteristics, complemented by a prediction module. When assessed on two publicly available datasets for each task, DUO-ACP surpasses all existing methods, achieving outstanding results: an ACP identification accuracy of 89.5% and a Macro-averaged AUC of 88.6% in ACP functional type classification. We further interpret the contribution of each part of our model, including the two types of embeddings as well as ensemble learning. On a new curated dataset, the prediction results of DUO-ACP closely match existing literature, highlighting DUO-ACP's generalization capabilities on previously unseen data and displaying the potential capability of discovering novel ACP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".