ASSOCIATION OF HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract INTRODUCTION Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects apocrine gland-bearing areas. Previous studies have demonstrated that HS is potentially associated with various autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between HS and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been unclear. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in electronic databases, PubMed and Embase, from inception to October 2023. We included published studies that provided estimated effects with a 95% confidence interval (CI) or raw data. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were analyzed separately. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects model and the generic inverse variance method to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and I2 statistics. RESULTS Ten case-control studies involving 26,496,569 individuals (110,648 with HS and 26,385,921 without HS) were included in this meta-analysis. HS was associated with significantly higher risk in the IBD group (Pooled OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.42-3.32; P = 0.0003; I2 = 97%). Additionally, our analysis demonstrated a significant association between HS and ulcerative colitis (Pooled OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.26-1.78; P < 0.00001, I2 = 63%) and between HS and Crohn's disease (Pooled OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.33-2.40; P = 0.0001; I2 = 88%). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis demonstrated that HS is significantly associated with IBD and IBD subtypes (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). This finding emphasizes the need for awareness when patients with HS present with symptoms associated with IBD. Further studies should be conducted to understand the mechanism of the gut-skin axis in shared immune and inflammatory processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.019 | 0.037 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".