Martínez. Alberto A. Burned Alive: Giordano Bruno, Galileo and the Inquisition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The heresy trials of Giordano Bruno and Galileo Galilei are the subject of a long-lasting and contradictory debate.Both were partisans of heliocentrism, a development in Renaissance astronomy associated with the rise of modernity and the beginnings of the scientific revolution.The objective of Alberto Martnez's book is to demonstrate, on the basis of primary research, that the persecution of the two scholars by the Roman Inquisition shared a common denominator: their adherence to the Pythagorean philosophical and spiritual tradition, or at least to some of its key precepts.These included the idea of an infinite and eternal universe, consisting of solar systems centred on a star and composed of inhabitable planets and moons.All components of the universe(s) were animated and guided by souls that were fragments of the one universal soul (God) and transmigrated from one physical body to another.Martnez argues that both Bruno and Galileo were not necessarily persecuted and condemned for the pioneering dimension of their thoughts but for their advocacy of old ideas that dated back to Greek antiquity, remained in circulation for over two millennia, were subject to censure by the Catholic medieval mainstream, and revived by fifteenth-and sixteenth-century humanism.He points to the progressive decline in intellectual tolerance in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, which ensnared not only Bruno and Galileo but a number of others in sympathy with the "Pythagorean" ideas.Burned Alive is organized into five components: an introduction and four long chapters divided into substantive thematic sections.The "Introduction" is of fundamental importance in rehabilitating the place of Giordano Bruno among his fellow proponents of heliocentrism: Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo.Martnez points out that Bruno's "account of the universe [proved] far more correct than the beliefs of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo" (8-9) in the matter of the motion of celestial bodies, centre-less infinite universe, countless solar systems, and planets capable of supporting life.Martnez argues that Bruno's enduring obscurity is the consequence of the ferocity with which the Inquisition sought to destroy his memory and annihilate his works.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".