Impact of differential settlement on leakage through geomembranes in waste covers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To quantify the effects of differential settlement on leakage through a geomembrane (GMB) hole in waste (landfill/mine tailings) covers, field experiments were conducted at Queen's University Experimental Liner Test Site on two sections, each with a 4H : 1V slope. Over 13 months, measurements showed that a 3 m × 2 m × 0.12–0.17 m depression in Section B led to a 51-fold increase in leakage when compared to Section A, which had no such depression (493 l vs 11.1 l). Notably, in Section B, 284 mm of precipitation between November and February resulted in 281 l of leakage, whereas 537 mm of precipitation between June and September led to a mere 142 l of leakage. A 3D numerical investigation provides encouraging agreement with the experimental measurements and confirms a counterintuitive 43% increase in leakage with a decrease in the temperature of cover sand from 21.9°C to 1°C, due to the influence of temperature-dependent viscosity on the hydraulic conductivity of the cover soil. This paper offers insights for optimizing waste cover design and inspection procedures to mitigate the challenges of contaminant control.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".