9.21 Symptom burden, school function, and physical activity one year following pediatric concussion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To characterize symptom burden, school functioning, and physical-activity outcomes in youth 1-year following acute concussion and those with subsequent repeat concussion. Design Secondary analysis of 5P prospective, multicenter cohort study. Setting Nine Canadian pediatric emergency departments (ED). Participants Youth presenting ≤48-hours of concussion and agreed to participate in a post-hoc electronic survey at 1-year following injury. Assessment of Risk Factors Standardized 25-question symptom scale derived from the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory-Parent; school and physical-activity outcomes. Outcome Measures Primary outcome was total symptom score at 1-year following concussion, defined as the number of symptoms experienced more than before injury. Main Results Of 3063 youth enrolled in the 5P study, 441 (median [IQR] age, 11.45 [8.86–14.04] years; 272 [61.7%] male) completed the 1-year survey; 37 respondents reported repeat concussion. Following acute concussion, youth were more likely to be symptom-free than following repeat concussion (74%vs.54%; difference=20%[95%CI:6,37]; p=.005) and to have fully recovered (91%vs.76%; difference=15%[95%CI:4, 3]; p=.005) at 1-year. Although physical symptoms were lower at 1-year than ED presentation for both groups (p<.001), more youth with repeat concussion reported headache persistence (24%vs.12%; difference=12%[95%CI:0,28]; p=.04). Both groups returned to normal school routines (100%vs.95%; difference=5%[95%CI:-5,8; p=.59). Youth without repeat concussion more frequently returned to normal physical activities (98%vs.87%; difference=12%[95%CI:4,26]; p<.001) and sport (95%vs.84%; difference=11%[95%CI:23,27]; p=.02). Conclusions Most youth are symptom-free and fully recovered 1-year following concussion. Youth with repeat concussion have worse outcomes and delays in returning to normal school routines and sport.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".