On the Hosts and Larval Habits of Framinghamia helvalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Framinghamia helvalis (Walker) (Crambidae), the sole representative of its genus, is a nondescript moth that occurs from Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan and throughout the eastern and central USA (Allyson 1984). The larva has long been known to feed on species of Populus L. and Salix L. (Salicaceae), but little has been published about its habits. Forbes (1923) stated that the caterpillar “is a leaf roller on poplar, emerging in July” in New York. According to Jones and Kimball (1943), on Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, the larvae are “not rare on willow and poplar, the second annual brood overwintering as larvae in neatly-made leaf-packets which fall to the ground.” Prentice (1965) reported P. nigra f. italica (Münchh.) A. Andersen as a host and noted that the larva is solitary. Allyson (1984) described and illustrated the final instar larva (which is up to 23 mm long), additionally listing P. tremuloides Michx. as a host. Godfrey et al. (1987) reported this species being reared from P. deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall in Illinois, with the adult emerging on 23 July. I recently had the opportunity to observe the “leaf-packets” made by mature larvae as well as the previously unreported habits of early instars. In each of the rearing events discussed below, I confirmed the moth identification by dissecting an adult male, whose genitalia matched the description and illustration in Munroe (1951).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".