Bibliographic record
Abstract
On the afternoon of 30 July 1999, a protest and counter-protest spectacle unfolded in Seoul Station Plaza, located in Seoul's central business district.Five hundred protesters from all over the country were railing against legislation that the Kim Dae-Jung government had just announced, an act that mandated the revision of greenbelt laws in the direction of deregulation.They demanded the resignation of the head of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT), as well as the annulment of the new act.These protesters were social and environmental activists from about 160 activist organizations that constituted the umbrella group People's Action for Saving Greenbelts (PASG, Geurinbelteu Salligi Gungmin Haengdong).This was an unusual scene, one in which the riot police were guarding protesters, who were chanting anti-government slogans, from the counter-protesters, who were physically and verbally assaulting the activists.Anger, even fury, was intense among the counter-protesters, and Seoul Station Plaza was filled with the smell of the broken eggs that they had thrown at the protesters.The counter-protesters comprised mainly residents and landlords in the greenbelts, most of whom were members of the Korea Greenbelts Association (Jeon-guk Gaebaljehan-guyeok Juminhyeophoe), which had persistently demanded the abolition of greenbelts in Korea. 1 This protest and counter-protest spectacle (and many similar ones over greenbelt deregulation) was a moment that expressed the contradictions of unfolding post-Cold War geopolitics conjoined with This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada through funding from the Major Collaborative Research Initiative entitled "Global Suburbansims: Governance, Land, and Infrastructure in the 21st Century (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)." 1 This description of the protest is based
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".