Review of Neva Löw (2023) Solidarität und ihre Widersprüche. Gewerkschaften im Sommer der Migration 2015 [Solidarity and its contradictions. Trade Unions in the Summer of Migration 2015]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
How did the so called "refugee crisis" in 2015 and 2016, when more than a million refugees arrived in the EU each year, affect trade unions?How did trade unions react to the struggle for freedom of movement and the conflicting reactions in European societies?And what does this tell us about trade unions more generally?These are the main questions of Neva Löw's dissertation, now published as a book.Löw starts off with a review of the existing literature around trade unions and their relationship to migration.Against this background, she develops her research questions and then presents the historical-materialist policy analysis (HMPA) as the guiding methodology of her research.In accordance with HMPA, she structures her analysis in three steps: firstly analysing the actor (here, trade unions), secondly analysing the context (the structural and historical relationships between trade unions and migration), and finally, analysing how trade unions reacted to the conflicts in the wake of the "long summer of migration" of 2015 to 2016.In contrast to most academic works, Löw's book does not follow the traditional structure of theory and empirical analysis being separated into two distinct chapters.Instead, Löw tries to bring theory and empirical analysis into an "ongoing dialogue" 1 (p.60), by including a large part of her theoretical elaboration into the actor and context analysis.This might seem a little confusing at first, but proves fruitful in providing a better understanding of both the theoretical concepts and the data.In her literature review, Löw carves out two distinct but compatible perspectives on the issue of trade unions and migration: the sociology of industrial relations, and critical migration studies.According to Löw, most works in the former research tradition conclude that (German and Austrian) trade unions have changed their position on migration in the past decades, from a quite restrictive stance to a more "open" one (pp.24-30).Research in the field of critical migration studies complements these findings with a focus on migrants' struggles within or outside of trade unions, showing how labour struggles and struggles for international mobility have always been intertwined but never without conflicts (pp.30-34).Löw surmises that existing literature is missing a focus on the internal struggles within trade unions regarding their stance on migration, and how these internal struggles are embedded in the power relations of the society as a whole (p.37).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".