Head and Eye Movements Reveal Compensatory Strategies for Acute Binaural Deficits During Sound Localization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study aimed to define use of head and eye movements during sound localization in children and adults to: (1) assess effects of stationary versus moving sound and (2) define effects of binaural cues degraded through acute monaural ear plugging. Thirty-three youth ( M Age = 12.9 years) and seventeen adults ( M Age = 24.6 years) with typical hearing were recruited and asked to localize white noise anywhere within a horizontal arc from −60° (left) to +60° (right) azimuth in two conditions (typical binaural and right ear plugged). In each trial, sound was presented at an initial stationary position (L1) and then while moving at ∼4°/s until reaching a second position (L2). Sound moved in five conditions (±40°, ±20°, or 0°). Participants adjusted a laser pointer to indicate L1 and L2 positions. Unrestricted head and eye movements were collected with gyroscopic sensors on the head and eye-tracking glasses, respectively. Results confirmed that accurate sound localization of both stationary and moving sound is disrupted by acute monaural ear plugging. Eye movements preceded head movements for sound localization in normal binaural listening and head movements were larger than eye movements during monaural plugging. Head movements favored the unplugged left ear when stationary sounds were presented in the right hemifield and during sound motion in both hemifields regardless of the movement direction. Disrupted binaural cues have greater effects on localization of moving than stationary sound. Head movements reveal preferential use of the better-hearing ear and relatively stable eye positions likely reflect normal vestibular-ocular reflexes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".