Cooper's Hawks, Accipter cooperii, successfully nesting at high densities in the northern Great Plains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cooper's Hawks, Accipiter cooperii, successfully nest and at high densities in the northern Great Plains.Canadian Field-Naturalist 116(4): 580-584.Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) has been classified as a species of special concern in most northern Great Plains states and provinces, mainly because of sparse data and poor understanding of its demography in the region.We measured the reproductive success and nesting density of Cooper's Hawks in the Souris River basin of north-central North Dakota during 1994-1996 and 1998-2000.Eleven of 14 (79%) nest areas located in 1986-87 were reoccupied when first checked during our study, and 10 of 12 (83%) nest areas occupied in 1994 were reoccupied in 2000, suggesting a stable population.Reproductive success (69% nest success and 2.0 large young/occupied nest, n = 96) was comparable to that reported for other regions.Nest success differed among three woodland types studied (P = 0.034).On two intensively searched areas, Cooper's Hawks were the most common nesting falconiform observed; nesting densities were one occupied nest/292 ha and one occupied nest/395 ha, among the highest reported for the species.Our data suggest that the Cooper's Hawk may be a common breeding species wherever deciduous woodlands are an important part (> 10%) of northern Great Plains landscapes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".