A review of the status of the Atlantic Wolffish, Anarhichas lupus, in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Atlantic Wolffish, Anarhichas lupus Linneaus, 1758, is a large blenny-like marine fish found in moderately deep and cold waters of the North Atlantic on rocky and hard bottoms from the Gulf of Maine to northwestern France.Wolffish was once the target of a directed fishery, but is not at present; nonetheless, it continues to be taken incidentally as by-catch in the trawl fishery.In Canadian waters, it has been most abundant off Newfoundland and Labrador, where it is a characteristic member of the deep cold-water fish assemblage on the continental shelf, but its numbers there, as indicated by scientific surveys, declined by 91% between 1978 and 1994.In other Canadian areas, where wolffish abundance has historically been lower by about an order of magnitude, populations appear stable.Wolffish are relatively sedentary and slow-growing.They make nests, and guard their large eggs.They feed mostly on bottom invertebrates.Life histories and distribution patterns can vary considerably across the species's range.Aggressive trawl fisheries, now in abeyance by the imposition of widespread moritoriums, appear to have had an impact on wolffish numbers.In the Newfoundland region, numbers have declined steadily in scientific surveys, the number of locations where the species occurs is fewer, the range where abundant appears to be shrinking, and the mean size has decreased so that mature individuals have become relatively rare.Slow growth, fidelity and inshore nesting habit, and limited dispersal make rescue unlikely, and bottom trawling and dredging have probably damaged habitat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.024 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".