Effects of reopening hunting on survival of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effects of reopening hunting on survival of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, Québec.Canadian Field-Naturalist 115(1): 99-105.Between 1996 and 1998, 59 White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in two major wintering areas in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, Québec, were fitted with radio collars and followed using telemetry.The study period coincided with the reopening of hunting following three years of closure.Diminished deer numbers had been linked to severe winters intensified by Coyote predation.During the hunting moratorium, starvation, predation and vehicle collisions were the principal causes of deer mortality.Following the moratorium, hunting became the main cause of adult mortality (39% of known deaths) while starvation mostly affected fawns (13% of known deaths).Contrary to expectations, annual survival of adult females (0.73) did not differ statistically from that of adult males (0.66), despite firearm hunting being permitted only on adult males.It seems that accidental hunting and poaching of females in addition to bow hunting harvest lowered female survival rate and limited the possibility of population growth.Eastern Québec provides marginal habitat for deer due to severe winters.We thus conclude that maintenance of White-tailed Deer populations in this region requires strict adherence by hunters to hunting regulations, in addition to intensive management of wintering areas and supplementary feeding during harsh winters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".